Robotaxi services in the United States

The United States has more public robotaxi services than any other country on this site. The California DMV publishes lists of companies that hold autonomous vehicle permits. The California Public Utilities Commission issues separate permits for carrying passengers. A permit shows that an operator may test or deploy in California. It does not show that the public can ride.

Waymo has the most US listings. It runs fully driverless public rides in Phoenix, San Francisco, Los Angeles, Austin, Atlanta, Miami, Orlando, Dallas, Houston, Nashville, San Antonio, San Diego and Tampa. These services are open to everyone. Riders book in the Waymo app, or in the Uber or Lyft app in some cities. Waymo also operates waitlists in Denver and Las Vegas where riders can join in stages. It is testing with a safety driver in Washington DC, Detroit and New York.

Tesla Robotaxi runs public rides in Austin, San Francisco, Dallas, Houston, Miami, Orlando and Tampa. In Austin the service is fully driverless with no safety monitor on board. In San Francisco a safety driver sits behind the wheel. The service area in each city is a zone shown in the Tesla Robotaxi app. Rides book through that app.

Zoox operates a public service on the Las Vegas Strip with a purpose-built vehicle that has no driver seat. Rides are free between set pickup points while Zoox awaits approval to charge fares. Zoox also runs an early-rider waitlist program in San Francisco and is testing in Austin and Miami.

The California DMV permit lists name the operators that may test or deploy autonomous vehicles in California. The CPUC permit lists cover passenger service, including which holders may charge fares. A California permit says nothing about other states. For a city outside California, read the operator's own page.

In the index, 21 US listings are public, 3 are on a waitlist and 5 are testing. Some cities have more than one service. Austin, Dallas, Houston, Miami, Orlando, Tampa and San Francisco list both Waymo and Tesla Robotaxi. Austin and Miami also list Zoox in testing. Las Vegas lists Zoox as public and Waymo on a waitlist.

Airports are listed on some US rows. The listings name PHX for Waymo in Phoenix, SFO for Waymo in San Francisco, SAT for Waymo in San Antonio and SFO and SJC for Tesla in San Francisco. Waymo in Nashville lists BNA, with access opening in stages. A blank airport field means the operator does not publish it.

Prices are set in each operator's app. No US listing shows a published rate card. Check the fare in the app before you ride.

The US listings on this site are checked against each operator's own pages. Every listing shows the source URL and the date it was read. Coverage changes, so confirm in the operator's app before you travel.